Tuesday, June 30, 2009

“shooting star” is not a star

A "shooting star" has nothing to do with a star. These wonderful stripes of light that you can infrequently witness in the night sky are caused by small bits of filth and rock called meteoroids falling into the Earth's atmosphere and blazing up. The short-lived trace of light which is produced by burning meteoroid is called a meteor. Meteors are generally called falling stars or shooting stars. If any fraction of the meteoroid survives and actually strikes the Earth, that left behind bit is then called a meteorite.

At definite times of year, you are probable to see a large number of meteors in the night sky. These actions are called meteor showers and they happen when the Earth passes through the trail of debris left by a comet as it orbits the Sun. These showers are given names based on the constellation present in the sky from which they appear to originate. For example, the Leonid Meteor Shower, or Leonids, appear to originate in the constellation Leo. It is important to understand that the meteoroids (and therefore the meteors) do not really originate from the constellations or any of the stars in the constellations, however. They just appear to come from that part of the sky because of the way the Earth encounters the particles moving in the path of the comet's orbit. Associating the shower name with the region of the sky they appear to come from just helps astronomers know where to look!

Sunday, June 21, 2009

NEPTUNE


Neptune was initially experiential by Galle and d'Arrest on 1846 Sept 23 very near to the locations independently predicted by Adams and Le Verrier from calculations based on the observed positions of Jupiter, Saturn and Uranus.

Neptune's composition is almost certainly similar to Uranus': various "ices" and rock with 15% hydrogen and a little helium. It has no distinct internal layering but rather to be more or less uniform in composition. But there is most likely a small core like the mass of the Earth of rocky material. Its atmosphere is mostly hydrogen and helium with a small amount of methane.

Neptune is in blue color because of absorption of red light by methane in the atmosphere but there is some additional as-yet-unidentified chromophore which gives the clouds their rich blue tint.

Neptune has been tripped by only one spacecraft, Voyager 2 on Aug 25 1989. But fortunately, recent ground-based and HST observations have added information.